Fluoride therapy is a valuable preventive approach in dentistry aimed at reducing the risk of tooth decay (dental caries) and cavities. This therapy involves the application of fluoride to the teeth, either topically or systemically. Here's a closer look at fluoride therapy and its benefits:
Topical Fluoride Application
Topical fluoride is applied directly to the tooth surfaces and comes in various forms:
Toothpaste/Dentifrices: Most toothpaste contains fluoride, typically at a concentration of 0.1% (1000 parts per million or ppm). Fluoride toothpaste promotes remineralization of teeth and makes them more resistant to decay. Prescription strength fluoride toothpaste with 1.1% (4,950 ppm) sodium fluoride is also available for specific cases.
Mouth Rinses: Over-the-counter fluoride mouth rinses contain 0.05% sodium fluoride (225 ppm fluoride). Prescription mouth rinses with higher fluoride concentrations are available for individuals at high risk for cavities.
Gels/Foams: These are used for patients with various dental needs, including those at high risk for cavities, orthodontic patients, and those with reduced salivary flow. They are applied using a mouth tray and are sometimes used for children whose permanent molars need protection.
Varnish: Fluoride varnish is easy to apply, has a pleasant taste, and uses smaller amounts of fluoride compared to gels or foams. It is suitable for patients with similar needs as gels and foams and is applied with a brush, setting quickly on the teeth.
Systemic Fluoride Delivery
Systemic fluoride involves fluoride supplementation through tablets or drops that are swallowed. This method is less common in areas with fluoridated water supplies, but it is used in some European countries, often in conjunction with salt fluoridation.
Benefits of Fluoride Therapy
Fluoride therapy provides several benefits in preventing tooth decay:
Remineralization: Fluoride enhances the remineralization process, where minerals such as calcium are attracted to the tooth's surface, forming new tooth mineral. This strengthens the tooth structure.
Resistance to Decay: Fluorapatite, a mineral formed in the presence of fluoride, is more resistant to acid dissolution, making teeth less susceptible to decay.
Inhibition of Acid Production: Fluoride disrupts the metabolism of oral bacteria, reducing their ability to produce harmful acids that lead to tooth decay.
Fluoride therapy is especially important for children, as it influences the development of their teeth and helps create a stronger enamel structure. It is considered a fundamental practice in modern dentistry for maintaining good oral health.
